{"id":14088,"date":"2019-06-21T19:43:14","date_gmt":"2019-06-21T17:43:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/financera.cz\/?p=14088"},"modified":"2023-07-11T20:44:39","modified_gmt":"2023-07-11T18:44:39","slug":"disponibilni-zustatek","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/financera.cz\/osobni-finance\/clanky\/disponibilni-zustatek\/","title":{"rendered":"Disponibiln\u00ed z\u016fstatek"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
Finan\u010dn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed na \u0161kol\u00e1ch nen\u00ed samoz\u0159ejmost\u00ed. <\/strong>A tak se stane, \u017ee i kdy\u017e dovr\u0161\u00edme v\u011bk 18 let a slo\u017e\u00edme zkou\u0161ku dosp\u011blosti, existuje \u0159ada pojm\u016f, kter\u00e9 se ka\u017edodenn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, ale my nezn\u00e1me jejich v\u00fdznam, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me nespr\u00e1vn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jedn\u00edm z takov\u00fdch pojm\u016f je nap\u0159\u00edklad disponibiln\u00ed z\u016fstatek. Ur\u010dit\u011b jste se u\u017e s t\u00edmto pojmem setkali. V\u00edte v\u0161ak, co znamen\u00e1? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u010ct\u011bte d\u00e1l a dozv\u00edte se to. Rovn\u011b\u017e v\u00e1m vysv\u011btl\u00edme i p\u00e1r dal\u0161\u00edch finan\u010dn\u00edch pojm\u016f, kter\u00e9 byste jako finan\u010dn\u011b gramotn\u00fd <\/a>\u010dlov\u011bk m\u011bli ovl\u00e1dat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Disponibiln\u00ed z\u016fstatek \u00fa\u010dtu je celkov\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stka, kterou m\u00e1te aktu\u00e1ln\u011b k dispozici na sv\u00e9m \u00fa\u010dtu<\/strong> a m\u016f\u017ee s n\u00ed libovoln\u011b nakl\u00e1dat. <\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nav\u00fd\u0161en o kontokorent<\/a> \u010di povolen\u00fd debet, nebo sn\u00ed\u017een o je\u0161t\u011b neza\u00fa\u010dtovan\u00e9 transakce platebn\u00ed kartou, povinn\u00fd minim\u00e1ln\u00ed vklad \u010di blokaci \u00fa\u010dtu (nap\u0159\u00edklad z d\u016fvodu exekuce<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Oproti tomu existuje \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed \u010di aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u016fstatek, kter\u00fd vyjad\u0159uje, kolik m\u00e1 klient ve skute\u010dnosti pen\u011bz na \u00fa\u010dtu.<\/p>\n\n\n Nap\u0159\u00edklad v informac\u00edch poskytovan\u00fdch Komer\u010dn\u00ed bankou se do\u010dtete, \u017ee aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed pou\u017eiteln\u00fd z\u016fstatek \u00fa\u010dtu je definov\u00e1n bankou jako:<\/p>\n \u201eZ\u016fstatek \u00fa\u010dtu, kter\u00fd lze v aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm okam\u017eiku pou\u017e\u00edt k \u00fahrad\u011b z \u00fa\u010dtu. Zahrnuje ji\u017e proveden\u00e9, ale neza\u00fa\u010dtovan\u00e9 online transakce v\u010detn\u011b nevy\u010derpan\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161e povolen\u00e9ho debetu \/ kontokorentn\u00edho limitu. <\/em><\/p>\n Nezohled\u0148uje tzv. off-line transakce platebn\u00ed kartou, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch se nevytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed blokace finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f na \u00fa\u010dtu ihned po jej\u00edm proveden\u00ed. Informace o off-line transakci je k dispozici a\u017e po jej\u00edm za\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/em>\u201c<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n To v podstat\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1 p\u0159edchoz\u00ed i kdy\u017e o n\u011bco krat\u0161\u00ed definici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Z pohledu va\u0161eho rodinn\u00e9ho rozpo\u010dtu<\/a> je tedy lep\u0161\u00ed orientovat se podle aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho z\u016fstatku <\/strong>a ne dle disponibiln\u00edho z\u016fstatku, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee nab\u00fdvat v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech sp\u00ed\u0161e virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed podobu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u011bkter\u00e9 banky tak\u00e9 operuj\u00ed s term\u00ednem b\u011b\u017en\u00fd z\u016fstatek.<\/strong> Ten bohu\u017eel nen\u00ed nikterak p\u0159esn\u011b zakotven ve finan\u010dn\u00ed terminologii a proto se mohou n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00fdklady bank od sebe li\u0161it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nap\u0159\u00edklad Komer\u010dn\u00ed banka definuje b\u011b\u017en\u00fd z\u016fstatek takto: \u201eSou\u010det z\u016fstatk\u016f na va\u0161em \u00fa\u010dtu po posledn\u00edm no\u010dn\u00edm zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.\u201c <\/em>Jin\u00fdmi slovy je to aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u016fstatek z minul\u00e9ho dne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Obecn\u011b v\u0161ak rozd\u00edl mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm a disponibiln\u00edm z\u016fstatkem spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee b\u011b\u017en\u00fd z\u016fstatek se aktualizuje jednou denn\u011b<\/strong> po no\u010dn\u00edm zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed plateb. Nejsou v n\u011bm tedy vid\u011bt nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fdb\u011bry z bankomat nebo platby kartou, kter\u00e9 budou za\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1ny a\u017e v noci. <\/p>\n\n\n Na rozd\u00edl od toho disponibiln\u00ed z\u016fstatek se aktualizuje neust\u00e1le,<\/strong> tak\u017ee jsou v n\u011bm reflektov\u00e1ny i tyto platby a v\u00fdb\u011bry. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee l\u00e9pe ur\u010duje, jak na tom re\u00e1ln\u011b jsme.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n Dostali jste se do situace, \u017ee v\u00e1\u0161 b\u011b\u017en\u00fd \u00fa\u010det<\/a> je v m\u00ednusu, ani\u017e byste m\u011bli kontokorent \u010di povoleno p\u0159e\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dtu? <\/strong>Jak se tedy m\u016f\u017eete se sv\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dtem dostat do m\u00ednusu, kdy\u017e na n\u011bm m\u00e1te jen sv\u00e9 prost\u0159edky? Jak je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee termin\u00e1l platbu nezam\u00edtl?<\/p>\n\n\n\n St\u00e1t se to m\u016f\u017ee, kdy\u017e klient zaplat\u00ed na termin\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd funguje v offline re\u017eimu. <\/strong>Termin\u00e1l si danou transakci ulo\u017e\u00ed a po p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k internetu ji ode\u0161le do jednotliv\u00fdch bank. <\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00e1sledn\u011b v\u00e1m banka danou \u010d\u00e1stku z \u00fa\u010dtu strhne. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee jste mezit\u00edm p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bli i jin\u00e9 transakce, m\u016f\u017eete se t\u00edm dostat do nepovolen\u00e9ho debetu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bohu\u017eel to, jestli dan\u00fd termin\u00e1l funguje v online nebo v offline re\u017eimu<\/strong> se vy nem\u00e1te jak dozv\u011bd\u011bt. Stejn\u011b je to is kreditn\u00edmi kartami, kter\u00e9 mohou m\u00edt tak\u00e9 nastaveny preference, jak\u00e1 forma za\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed se zvol\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n <\/p>\n V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee jste se takto necht\u011bn\u011b dostali do nepovolen\u00e9ho debetu, je to bohu\u017eel z pohledu banky va\u0161e chyba.<\/strong> Sami byste toti\u017e m\u011bli m\u00edt p\u0159ehled o va\u0161em z\u016fstatku na \u00fa\u010dtu.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Z tohoto d\u016fvodu, si banka za nepovolen\u00fd debet mohou \u00fa\u010dtovat, a tak\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dtuje \u00faroky. <\/strong>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce se zaplacen\u00edm dluhu \u010dek\u00e1te, t\u00edm v\u00edce zaplat\u00edte.<\/p>\n <\/p><\/div>\n\n\n Dal\u0161\u00ed pojmy, kter\u00e9 jsou pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9, <\/strong>ale p\u0159esto se mnoha lidem pletou, jsou karty, debetn\u00ed a kreditn\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Mnoho lid\u00ed v\u00ed, \u017ee je mezi t\u011bmito pojmy rozd\u00edl, ale pletou si jednotliv\u00e9 kategorie do t\u00e9 m\u00edry, \u017ee rad\u011bji pou\u017eij\u00ed obecn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pojem platebn\u00ed karta. Ud\u011blejme si v tom jednou pro v\u017edy jasno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Debetn\u00ed karta je sv\u00e1z\u00e1na s b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dtem a umo\u017e\u0148uje platit v obchodech, na internetu nebo vyb\u00edrat z bankomatu, pokud je na tomto b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u00fa\u010dtu dostatek pen\u011bz. Debetn\u00ed kartou tedy utr\u00e1c\u00edte vlastn\u00ed pen\u00edze.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kreditn\u00ed karta je spojena s formou revolvingov\u00e9ho \u00fav\u011bru.<\/a> Tento \u00fav\u011br m\u016f\u017ee klient postupn\u011b \u010derpat i spl\u00e1cet. Kreditkou tedy utr\u00e1c\u00edte p\u016fj\u010den\u00e9 pen\u00edze,<\/strong> kter\u00e9 budete muset dle p\u0159edem stanoven\u00fdch podm\u00ednek n\u00e1sledn\u011b vracet.<\/p>\n\n\n <\/p>\n S t\u00edmto t\u00e9matem se poj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b jedna d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 informace. Mnoho p\u016fj\u010doven aut po v\u00e1s bude vy\u017eadovat \u201eplatebn\u00ed kartu\u201c pro vy\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dosti <\/strong>o p\u016fj\u010den\u00ed vozidla. V drtiv\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b v\u00e1m debetn\u00ed karta sta\u010dit nebude, ale budete muset p\u0159edlo\u017eit kartu kreditn\u00ed.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n A d\u016fvod? Kreditn\u00ed karty jsou \u010dasto v\u00e1z\u00e1ny na poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong> (ochrana banky) a \u010dasto zahrnuj\u00ed i poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vozidla, alespo\u0148 v zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n T\u00edm, \u017ee po v\u00e1s p\u016fj\u010dovna po\u017eaduje kreditn\u00ed kartu, se tedy do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry chr\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee doufaj\u00ed, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed pom\u016f\u017ee poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n <\/p><\/div>\n\n\n A u karet z\u016fstaneme. Embosovan\u00e1 karta je platebn\u00ed karta s vystoupl\u00fdm prou\u017ekem (reli\u00e9fn\u00edm p\u00edsmem) pro mo\u017enost \u010dten\u00ed v mechanick\u00fdch termin\u00e1lech. <\/strong>Z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b p\u00ed\u0161i platebn\u00ed karta, proto\u017ee embosovan\u00e9 karty mohou b\u00fdt jak debetn\u00ed, tak kreditn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mechanick\u00fd termin\u00e1l, tak\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 term\u00ednu imprinter, je mechanick\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d pro platebn\u00ed karty, tzv. \u017eehli\u010dka<\/strong>. Je alternativou pro placen\u00ed na elektronick\u00e9m platebn\u00edm termin\u00e1lu, ov\u0161em jen pro embosovan\u00e9 platebn\u00ed karty. <\/p>\n\n\n <\/p>\n Funguje tak, \u017ee prodava\u010d do tohoto mal\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vlo\u017e\u00ed platebn\u00ed kartu<\/strong> a pot\u00e9 z n\u00ed obtiskne ve\u0161ker\u00e9 vyra\u017een\u00e9 \u00fadaje p\u0159es kop\u00edr\u00e1k na \u00fa\u010dtenku. Tu pak z\u00e1kazn\u00edk podep\u00ed\u0161e.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Tento zp\u016fsob placen\u00ed nen\u00ed v Evrop\u011b velmi roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en, setk\u00e1te se s n\u00edm nap\u0159\u00edklad v z\u00e1mo\u0159\u00ed.<\/strong> Pokud tedy cestujete, embosovan\u00e1 karta se v\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee hodit.<\/p>\n <\/p><\/div>\n\n\n Pos\u00edl\u00e1te pen\u00edze do zahrani\u010d\u00ed?<\/strong> Pak po v\u00e1s va\u0161e banka bude po\u017eadovat IBAN p\u0159\u00edjemce. V podstat\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o \u010d\u00edslo \u00fa\u010dtu p\u0159\u00edjemce v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm form\u00e1tu. IBAN toti\u017e zkracuje slova: International Bank Account Number, co\u017e je v p\u0159ekladu pr\u00e1v\u011b mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo \u00fa\u010dtu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n IBAN je tvo\u0159en maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 34 znaky, kter\u00fdmi mohou b\u00fdt \u010d\u00edslice a velk\u00e1 p\u00edsmena.<\/strong> P\u0159i elektronick\u00e9m zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u011b bez mezer, v p\u00edsemn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech je zvykem ho pro p\u0159ehlednost d\u011blit do \u010dty\u0159znakov\u00fdch skupin rozd\u011blen\u00fdch mezerami. <\/p>\n\n\n IBAN za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 dvoup\u00edsmenn\u00fdm k\u00f3dem zem\u011b <\/strong>podle standardu ISO 3166-1 alpha-2, d\u00e1le n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed dv\u011b kontroln\u00ed \u010d\u00edslice a maxim\u00e1ln\u011b t\u0159icetiznakov\u00e1 identifikace \u00fa\u010dtu v r\u00e1mci p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu (tzv. BBAN \u2013 Basic Bank Account Number) \u2013 d\u00e9lka a struktura t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti se v jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00edch li\u0161\u00ed, ka\u017ed\u00fd st\u00e1t v\u0161ak mus\u00ed m\u00edt d\u00e9lku sv\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti pevn\u011b danou.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n P\u0159\u00edklad pro \u010ceskou republiku vypad\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad takto: CZ65 0800 0000 1920 0014 5399<\/strong>. Pokud si nejste spr\u00e1vnost\u00ed IBANu jist\u00ed, na internetu je mo\u017en\u00e9 dohledat velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed str\u00e1nek, kter\u00e9 platnost IBAN ov\u011b\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pokud hled\u00e1te v\u00fdznamy i dal\u0161\u00edch pojm\u016f, mohou v\u00e1m pomoci nap\u0159\u00edklad na\u0161e \u010dl\u00e1nky jako: co je inflace<\/a>, RPSN<\/a>, p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9 splacen\u00ed \u00fav\u011bru<\/a>, k\u00f3dy bank<\/a>, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b osobn\u00ed bankrot<\/a> a exekuce<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16452,"featured_media":41115,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"disable_branded_featured_image":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1195],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/financera.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/14088"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/financera.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/financera.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/financera.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16452"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/financera.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14088"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/financera.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/14088\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":46746,"href":"https:\/\/financera.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/14088\/revisions\/46746"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/financera.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/41115"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/financera.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14088"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/financera.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14088"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Disponibiln\u00ed z\u016fstatek v\u00fdznam<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed vs disponibiln\u00ed z\u016fstatek<\/h3>
B\u011b\u017en\u00fd a disponibiln\u00ed z\u016fstatek<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Disponibiln\u00ed z\u016fstatek v minusu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Dal\u0161\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed pojmy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Debetn\u00ed a kreditn\u00ed karta<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Embosovan\u00e1 platebn\u00ed karta<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Zkratka IBAN<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n