{"id":32621,"date":"2022-04-25T17:30:03","date_gmt":"2022-04-25T15:30:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/financera.cz\/?post_type=how_to&p=32621"},"modified":"2024-09-10T12:20:36","modified_gmt":"2024-09-10T10:20:36","slug":"investice-do-fondu","status":"publish","type":"how_to","link":"https:\/\/financera.cz\/investice\/clanky\/investice-do-fondu\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak investovat do pod\u00edlov\u00fdch fond\u016f?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Investov\u00e1n\u00ed do fond\u016f se t\u011b\u0161\u00ed v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed popularit\u011b. <\/strong>Jak ale za\u010d\u00edt investovat do fond\u016f, pokud jste \u00fapln\u00fd za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edk? Na Financera.cz<\/strong> jsme pro v\u00e1s p\u0159ipravili podrobn\u00e9ho pr\u016fvodce sv\u011btem investov\u00e1n\u00ed do fond\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

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Co je fond?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jedn\u00e1 se o obl\u00edben\u00fd n\u00e1stroj kolektivn\u00edho investov\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/strong>Vyhled\u00e1vaj\u00ed ho p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm fyzick\u00e9 osoby a spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 hledaj\u00ed vhodn\u00fd zp\u016fsob zhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch \u00faspor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podstata fondu spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch pen\u011b\u017en\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f<\/strong> od v\u00edce men\u0161\u00edch investor\u016f. Takto shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 pen\u00edze se investuj\u00ed do z\u00e1konem ur\u010den\u00e9ho majetku s c\u00edlem produkovat zisk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee i takov\u00e9 mal\u00e9 vklady od n\u011bkolika men\u0161\u00edch investor\u016f tak mohou zajistit kapit\u00e1l umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed investice <\/strong>a t\u00edm p\u00e1dem i v\u00fdnosy, ne\u017e jak\u00e9 by investo\u0159i dos\u00e1hli u tradi\u010dn\u00edch bankovn\u00edch vklad\u016f a spo\u0159\u00edc\u00edch \u00fa\u010dt\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Jak funguj\u00ed fondy?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Fondy jsou spravov\u00e1ny spr\u00e1vcovsk\u00fdmi spole\u010dnostmi,<\/strong> (tzv. asset management). Jsou slo\u017eeny z t\u00fdmu zku\u0161en\u00fdch investi\u010dn\u00edch mana\u017eer\u016f. Jejich \u00fakolem je starat se o finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky investor\u016f s c\u00edlem vytvo\u0159it efektivn\u00ed zp\u016fsob zhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed kapit\u00e1lu s dostate\u010dnou diverzifikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na v\u0161echny kroky jednotliv\u00fdch spr\u00e1vcovsk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed dohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed depozit\u00e1\u0159, co\u017e je v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b obvykle banka. Ta vede \u00fa\u010dty pro jednotliv\u00e9 fondy<\/strong> a tak\u00e9 spr\u00e1vcovskou spole\u010dnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vy jako investor si n\u00e1kupem pod\u00edlov\u00fdch fond\u016f kupujete ur\u010dit\u00fd investi\u010dn\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dek, <\/strong>kter\u00fd sestavili finan\u010dn\u00ed experti dan\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed instituce. U pod\u00edlov\u00fdch fond\u016f toti\u017e kupujete akcie des\u00edtek a\u017e stovek r\u016fzn\u00fdch firem. Takov\u00e1 diverzifikace je z\u00e1kladem \u00fasp\u011bchu pod\u00edlov\u00fdch fond\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n

<\/div>

V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b ji\u017e existuje n\u011bkolik druh\u016f fond\u016f.<\/strong> V prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b jsou to pod\u00edlov\u00e9 fondy, kter\u00e9 dopl\u0148uj\u00ed indexov\u00e9, nebo takzvan\u00e9 ETF fondy a sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9 fondy. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z t\u011bchto kategori\u00ed se d\u011bl\u00ed na n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n

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Pod\u00edlov\u00e9 fondy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jedn\u00e1 se o nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed typ fondu. Funguje na principu, kter\u00fd jsme ji\u017e zmi\u0148ovali. Tedy na akumulov\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f men\u0161\u00edch investor\u016f<\/strong> p\u0159es spr\u00e1vcovskou spole\u010dnost na glob\u00e1ln\u00edm finan\u010dn\u00edm trhu s c\u00edlem v\u00fdnosu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prost\u0159edky investor\u016f jsou diverzifikovan\u00e9 mezi velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed akci\u00ed<\/strong> a jin\u00fdch investi\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed. Takov\u00fdm rozd\u011blen\u00edm investic podl\u00e9h\u00e1 d\u016fkladn\u00e1 anal\u00fdza v\u00fdnosnosti a budouc\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed. To maj\u00ed na starosti zku\u0161en\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edci.<\/p>\n\n\n

    Druhy pod\u00edlov\u00fdch fond\u016f<\/h3>

  1. Dluhopisov\u00e9 fondy. <\/strong>Tyto fondy se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z dluhopis\u016f vydan\u00fdch st\u00e1tem a soukrom\u00fdmi spole\u010dnostmi. Jsou vhodn\u00e9 pro investory se st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00fdm horizontem na dobu alespo\u0148 2 a\u017e 3 let.<\/p>\n<\/li>

  2. Akciov\u00e9 fondy. <\/strong>Jedn\u00e1 se o nejv\u00edce volatiln\u00ed fondy, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jejich hodnota nejv\u00edce kol\u00eds\u00e1, ale na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b jsou nejv\u00fdnosn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a vhodn\u00e9 pro investory ochotn\u00e9 n\u00e9st v\u00fdkyvy trhu s investi\u010dn\u00edm horizontem nejm\u00e9n\u011b 5 let.<\/p>\n<\/li>

  3. Fondy pen\u011b\u017en\u00edho trhu. <\/strong>Jsou vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1ny konzervativn\u00edmi investory s c\u00edlem investov\u00e1n\u00ed pen\u011bz na kr\u00e1tkou dobu. Tyto fondy sest\u00e1vaj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na z cenn\u00fdch pap\u00edr\u016f jako st\u00e1tn\u00ed pokladni\u010dn\u00ed pouk\u00e1zky a \u010d\u00e1st prost\u0159edk\u016f je ponech\u00e1v\u00e1na i na term\u00ednovan\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dtech.<\/p>\n<\/li>

  4. Sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9 fondy.<\/strong> Jsou slo\u017eeny z v\u00edce druh\u016f investi\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f. Nej\u010dast\u011bji jsou to akcie a dluhopisy, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e plat\u00ed, \u017ee jejich pom\u011br je v ka\u017ed\u00e9m fondu procentu\u00e1ln\u011b zastoupen jin\u00fdm pom\u011brem. Zvyknou se ozna\u010dovat jako zlat\u00e1 st\u0159edn\u00ed cesta.<\/p>\n<\/li>

  5. Fondy fond\u016f.<\/strong> U tohoto druhu fond\u016f zprost\u0159edkovan\u011b investujete do pod\u00edlov\u00fdch list\u016f jin\u00fdch fond\u016f. Jejich nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhoda je, \u017ee is men\u0161\u00ed vstupn\u00ed investic\u00ed m\u016f\u017eete vstoupit do fond\u016f, do kter\u00fdch byste se za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch okolnost\u00ed dostali jen s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vstupn\u00ed investic\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/li>

  6. Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed fondy. <\/strong>Tyto fondy se specializuj\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b na investice do specifick\u00e9 oblasti. V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice jsou obl\u00edben\u00e9 realitn\u00ed fondy. Jejich objem financ\u00ed je investov\u00e1n do realitn\u00edch a developersk\u00fdch projekt\u016f nebo do n\u00e1kupu akci\u00ed realitn\u00edch a stavebn\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\n\n

    Investov\u00e1n\u00ed do pod\u00edlov\u00fdch fond\u016f funguje velmi jednodu\u0161e. Sta\u010d\u00ed kdy\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc po\u0161lete spr\u00e1vci fond\u016f n\u011bjak\u00fd ur\u010den\u00fd obnos pen\u011bz.<\/strong> On je za v\u00e1s investuje do diverzifikovan\u00e9ho porfolia cenn\u00fdch pap\u00edr\u016f. Z\u00e1vis\u00ed tak\u00e9 na va\u0161\u00ed investi\u010dn\u00ed strategii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Typy fond\u016f na z\u00e1klad\u011b investi\u010dn\u00ed strategie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. Konzervativn\u00ed pod\u00edlov\u00e9 fondy.<\/strong> Byly vytvo\u0159eny za \u00fa\u010delem ochrany majetku investor\u016f p\u0159ed znehodnocen\u00edm. Investuj\u00ed do nich zejm\u00e9na star\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se cht\u011bj\u00ed vyhnout rizikov\u00fdm finan\u010dn\u00edm produkt\u016fm. V\u00fdnos z nich se pohybuje na \u00farovni inflace, tedy 2-3%.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 pod\u00edlov\u00e9 fondy.<\/strong> Jedn\u00e1 se o ide\u00e1ln\u00ed kombinaci p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 m\u00edry rizika, jako\u017e i relativn\u011b vysok\u00e9 v\u00fdnosnosti. Obvykle se jedn\u00e1 o kombinaci akci\u00ed a dluhopis\u016f. Investorovi mohou p\u0159in\u00e9st zhodnocen\u00ed 4-6%.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Agresivn\u00ed pod\u00edlov\u00e9 fondy. <\/strong>Obvykle se jedn\u00e1 o akciov\u00e9 pod\u00edlov\u00e9 fondy. Nesou sebou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru rizika, proto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o investov\u00e1n\u00ed do aktiv, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00fd potenci\u00e1l r\u016fstu ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 i vysokou volatilitu. N\u00e1vratnost investice m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt od 7-9%.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n

      Jak za\u010d\u00edt s investicemi do fond\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Pod\u00edlov\u00e9 fondy jsou ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f nab\u00edzeny bankami a jin\u00fdmi finan\u010dn\u00edmi institucemi, <\/strong>kter\u00e9 z\u00e1rove\u0148 pln\u00ed \u00falohu spr\u00e1vc\u016f pod\u00edlov\u00fdch fond\u016f. Tyto instituce n\u00e1m zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1vaj\u00ed prodej takzvan\u00fdch pod\u00edlov\u00fdch list\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Nejlep\u0161\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm pro investora je sv\u011b\u0159it sv\u00e9 finance t\u011bmto profesion\u00e1ln\u00edm spole\u010dnostem.<\/strong> V r\u00e1mci t\u011bchto spole\u010dnost\u00ed budou va\u0161e finance spravovat speci\u00e1ln\u011b \u0161kolen\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edci a analytici, kte\u0159\u00ed vyb\u00edraj\u00ed ty nejlep\u0161\u00ed fondy.<\/p>\n\n\n

      <\/div>

      Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f se v\u0161ak doporu\u010duje m\u00edt sv\u00e9 pen\u00edze rozd\u011blen\u00e9 ve v\u00edce investi\u010dn\u00edch spole\u010dnostech<\/strong> v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee by se va\u0161e investice za\u010daly propadat.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n

      Mezi nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed spr\u00e1vce sv\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch aktiv v \u010cR pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n

      1. Generali Investments CEE<\/p>\n<\/li>

      2. \u010cesk\u00e1 spo\u0159itelna<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>

      3. \u010cSOB Asset Management<\/p>\n<\/li>

      4. Amundi Czech Republic<\/p>\n<\/li>

      5. NN Investment Partners C.R.<\/p>\n<\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\n\n

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        Nejlep\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edlov\u00e9 fondy 2024<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        Na \u010desk\u00e9m trhu je dostupn\u00fdch celkem asi 750 fond\u016f kolektivn\u00edho investov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/strong> Do kter\u00fdch pod\u00edlov\u00fdch fond\u016f se v\u0161ak vyplat\u00ed investovat? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        V\u00e1lka na Ukrajin\u011b ot\u0159\u00e1sla cel\u00fdm finan\u010dn\u00edm sv\u011btem <\/strong>a prvn\u00ed dny vojensk\u00e9ho konfliktu jsme za\u017eili i obrovsk\u00e9 propady. V t\u00e9to souvislosti je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bt dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj, m\u016f\u017eeme se v\u0161ak obhl\u00e9dnout za minul\u00fdmi lety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        V roce 2020 dominovaly v \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nosti zejm\u00e9na fondy zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na technologie,<\/strong> kter\u00e9 profitovaly ze vznikl\u00e9 pandemick\u00e9 situace a celoplo\u0161n\u00fdch lockdown\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Minul\u00fd rok to byly zejm\u00e9na fondy zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na energie,<\/strong> tedy p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ropu a zemn\u00ed plyn. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed propad naopak zaznamenaly fondy zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na asijsk\u00e9 akce, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ty \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n

          Nejv\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed fondy minul\u00e9ho roku<\/h3>

        1. Schroder ISF Global Energy A Acc<\/p>\n<\/li>

        2. BNPP Aqua Cap C RH CZK<\/p>\n<\/li>

        3. NN (L) Global Sustainable Equity (CZK Hed)<\/p>\n<\/li>

        4. Allianz Europe Equity Growth Select A (H2-CZK)<\/p>\n<\/li>

        5. HSBC GIF Economic Scale US Equity AC USD<\/p>\n<\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\n\n

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          Co zv\u00e1\u017eit p\u0159i investov\u00e1n\u00ed do fond\u016f?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          Existuje n\u011bkolik faktor\u016f, kter\u00e9 byste p\u0159i investov\u00e1n\u00ed do fond\u016f m\u011bli vz\u00edt v \u00favahu. Vyhnete se jak za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dnick\u00fdm chyb\u00e1m, tak nemil\u00fdm p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n